Improve Reading Speed Techniques

Perusing is a fundamental expertise for individual and expert development. However, many struggle with reading speed, comprehension, and information retention.

Understanding Reading Speed and Comprehension

Reading speed is measured in words per minute (WPM), while comprehension refers to the ability to understand and interpret the material. Retention is the ability to recall information later. These three elements are interconnected; an increase in speed should not compromise comprehension or retention.

According to research, the average reading speed for adults is about 200–300 WPM. However, comprehension and retention can decline when reading faster than this range unless specific strategies are applied.

Techniques to Improve Reading Speed and Comprehension

1. Eliminate Subvocalization

Sub vocalization alludes to the propensity for quietly articulating words while perusing. This habit slows reading speed significantly. Studies suggest that while sub vocalization helps beginners improve comprehension, advanced readers can reduce or eliminate it to increase speed without sacrificing understanding.

How to Eliminate Subvocalization:

• Focus on chunking text (reading multiple words at a glance).
• Utilize your finger or a pointer to direct your eyes.
• Practice reading familiar material quickly to break the habit.

2. Use the Skimming and Scanning Techniques

• Skimming involves quickly glancing over text to get the gist of the material.
• Filtering includes searching for explicit data, like watchwords or numbers.

Both techniques save time and are particularly useful when reading non-fiction or research-heavy material.

A study published in the Journal of Research in Reading found that combining skimming and scanning improves efficiency in academic reading without reducing comprehension.

3. Practice Active Reading

Active reading requires engaging with the text rather than passively absorbing information. This method ensures better comprehension and retention.

Steps for Active Reading:

• Ask questions about the material before and during reading.
• Highlight or underline key points.
• Take notes in the edges or on a different sheet.

4. Preview the Text

Previewing involves scanning the headings, subheadings, introduction, and conclusion before reading the main content. This gives an overview of the material, which improves comprehension by activating prior knowledge.

A study by Educational Psychology Review concluded that previewing increases reading efficiency by helping readers establish context before delving into details.

5. Improve Eye Movement

Inefficient eye movement, such as regression (rereading the same line multiple times), slows down reading speed.

Techniques to Improve Eye Movement:

• Practice peripheral reading by focusing on groups of words instead of individual words.

6. Expand Vocabulary

A limited vocabulary can hinder comprehension. Regularly learning new words helps readers understand material faster and more effectively.

Ways to Expand Vocabulary:

• Use flashcards for new words.
• Read diverse materials, including fiction, non-fiction, and academic texts.
• Engage with vocabulary-building apps like Anki or Quizlet.

7. Utilize Technology

Innovative devices like speed-perusing applications and programming can assist with further developing understanding velocity. Apps like Spritz and Accelerate Reader present text one word at a time, reducing eye movement and increasing speed.

8. Practice Speed Reading

Speed reading involves techniques such as chunking and reducing fixation time on each word. While effective, it requires practice to maintain comprehension.

A meta-analysis published in Psychological Science in the Public Interest suggests that while speed reading can improve efficiency, comprehension may decline if the speed exceeds a certain threshold. Thus, balance is crucial.

Which Technique is Most Effective?

The most effective technique for improving reading speed and comprehension depends on the individual's goals and current abilities. However, combining active reading, vocabulary expansion, and eliminating subvocalization has shown significant results in most readers. These strategies all in all address speed, cognizance, and maintenance.

Active reading, in particular, is widely regarded as the cornerstone of effective reading. By engaging with the text, asking questions, and taking notes, readers not only improve comprehension but also reinforce retention.

Practical Tips for Retaining Information

Improving retention requires deliberate effort. Here are some strategies supported by cognitive science:

1. Use the Spaced Repetition Technique

Spaced repetition involves reviewing information at increasing intervals. This method is highly effective for long-term retention.

Example: Tools like Anki use spaced repetition algorithms to help learners remember new material.

2. Summarize the Material

Writing summaries helps consolidate information in your own words. This process reinforces understanding and aids recall.

3. Teach What You Learn

The Feynman Technique, named after physicist Richard Feynman, involves teaching the material to someone else. Showing works on complex ideas and features holes in understanding.

4. Create Mind Maps

Mind maps visually organize information, showing connections between concepts. They are especially useful for complex material.

5. Take Breaks and Sleep Well

The brain processes and stores information during rest. Research from Nature Reviews Neuroscience indicates that sleep enhances memory consolidation, making it a crucial factor in retention.

Scientific Evidence Supporting Reading Improvement Techniques

1. Eye Movement Control: A study by Rayner et al. (2009) in Psychological Bulletin highlights the role of efficient eye movement in improving reading speed.
2. Active Reading: Research in Educational Psychology shows that active reading strategies enhance comprehension and engagement.
3. Spaced Repetition: A study in Memory & Cognition (2016) supports spaced repetition as a powerful tool for long-term retention.
4. Previewing and Context: Findings from Journal of Reading Behavior suggest that previewing activates schema, aiding comprehension.

Conclusion

Improving reading speed, comprehension, and retention is a skill that can be developed with consistent practice and the right techniques. While eliminating subvocalization and using active reading strategies can significantly boost efficiency, retaining information requires techniques like spaced repetition and teaching.

The journey to becoming a better reader is gradual but rewarding, enhancing both personal growth and professional success. By adopting these scientifically backed strategies, you can transform your reading habits and achieve your learning goals effectively.

References

1. Rayner, K., et al. (2009). "Eye Movements and Information Processing During Reading." Psychological Bulletin.
2. Dunlosky, J., et al. (2013). "Improving Students’ Learning With Effective Learning Techniques." Psychological Science in the Public Interest.
3. Pressley, M., & Afflerbach, P. (1995). "Verbal Protocols of Reading." Educational Psychology Review.
4. Roediger, H. L., & Butler, A. C. (2011). "The Critical Role of Retrieval Practice in Long-Term Retention." Memory & Cognition.
5. Schmidt, R. A. (1991). "Schema Theory: Implications for Memory and Learning." Journal of Reading Behavior.