DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule found in all living organisms and is the fundamental genetic material that carries the instructions for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of these organisms. It consists of a long chain made up of four types of nucleotide units: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These nucleotides are arranged in specific sequences along the DNA molecule.
The structure of DNA is often described as a double helix, with two intertwined strands running in opposite directions. The pairing of complementary nucleotides (A with T, and C with G) between the two strands creates a stable structure. This pairing is crucial for DNA replication and the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.
DNA encodes the genetic information in the form of genes, which are specific sequences of nucleotides that contain instructions for the synthesis of proteins and the regulation of various cellular processes. The unique sequence of nucleotides in an organism's DNA is responsible for its genetic traits and characteristics, making DNA the basis of heredity and the blueprint for life.
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